Keluaran 9:22

9:22 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Extend your hand toward the sky ¹  that there may be ²  hail in all the land of Egypt, on people and on animals, ³  and on everything that grows ⁴  in the field in the land of Egypt.”

Keluaran 9:25

9:25 The hail struck everything in the open fields, both ⁵  people and animals, throughout all the land of Egypt. The hail struck everything that grows ⁶  in the field, and it broke all the trees of the field to pieces.

Keluaran 11:7

11:7 But against any of the Israelites not even a dog will bark ⁷  against either people or animals, ⁸  so that you may know that the Lord distinguishes ⁹  between Egypt and Israel.’

[9:22]  ¹ tn Or “the heavens” (also in the following verse). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[9:22]  ² tn The jussive with the conjunction (וִיהִי, vihi) coming after the imperative provides the purpose or result.

[9:22]  ³ tn Heb “on man and on beast.”

[9:22]  ⁴ tn The noun refers primarily to cultivated grains. But here it seems to be the general heading for anything that grows from the ground, all vegetation and plant life, as opposed to what grows on trees.

[9:25]  ⁵ tn The exact expression is “from man even to beast.” R. J. Williams lists this as an example of the inclusive use of the preposition מִן (min) to be rendered “both…and” (Hebrew Syntax, 57, §327).

[9:25]  ⁶ tn Heb “all the cultivated grain of.”

[11:7]  ⁷ tn Or perhaps “growl”; Heb “not a dog will sharpen his tongue.” The expression is unusual, but it must indicate that not only would no harm come to the Israelites, but that no unfriendly threat would come against them either – not even so much as a dog barking. It is possible this is to be related to the watchdog (see F. C. Fensham, “Remarks on Keret 114^b – 136^a,” JNSL 11 [1983]: 75).

[11:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “against man or beast.”

[11:7]  ⁹ tn The verb פָּלָה (palah) in Hiphil means “to set apart, make separate, make distinct.” See also Exod 8:22 (18 HT); 9:4; 33:16.